RUFAS.biophysical.animal.ration.animal_requirements module

class RUFAS.biophysical.animal.ration.animal_requirements.AnimalRequirements

Bases: object

Stores the information for the calculated requirements of animals to be used in the ration formulation.

__init__() → None

Initializes a requirements object with default values of specific requirements at 0.

Notes

NEmaint_requirement = Net energy for maintenance requirement (Mcal)

NEa_requirement = Net energy for activity requirement (Mcal)

NEg_requirement = Net energy for growth requirement (Mcal)

NEpreg_requirement = Net energy requirement for pregnancy (Mcal)

NEl_requirement = Net energy requirement for lactation (Mcal)

MP_requirement = Metabolizable protein requirement for growth (g)

Ca_requirement = Calcium requirement (g)

P_requirement = Phosphorus requirement (g)

DMIest_requirement = dry matter intake estimation (kg)

avg_BW = average body weight in pen (kg)

avg_milk = average milk production per animal (kg/day)

avg_CP_milk = average crude protein content of milk (%)

calc_pen_requirements(NEmaint_requirement_list: List[float], NEa_requirement_list: List[float], NEg_requirement_list: List[float], NEpreg_requirement_list: List[float], NEl_requirement_list: List[float], MP_requirement_list: List[float], Ca_requirement_list: List[float], P_requirement_list: List[float], P_requirement_process_list: List[float], DMIest_requirement_list: List[float], BW: List[float], milk: List[float], CP_milk: List[float], milk_production_reduction: List[float], essential_amino_acid_requirement_list: List[EssentialAminoAcidRequirements], calc_method: str = 'mean') → None

This functions sets the average (or median or #th percentile) pen requirements. Each input parameter is a list of floats generated in ration_driver.set_requirements

Parameters

NEmaint_requirement_list: List[float]

List of net energy for maintenance requirement (Mcal) for all animals in pen

NEa_requirement_list: List[float]

List of Net energy for activity requirement (Mcal) for all animals in pen

NEg_requirement_list: List[float]

List of Net energy for growth requirement (Mcal) for all animals in pen

NEpreg_requirement_list: List[float]

List of Net energy requirement for pregnancy (Mcal) for all animals in pen

NEl_requirement_list: List[float]

List of Net energy requirement for lactation (Mcal) for all animals in pen

MP_requirement_list: List[float]

List of Metabolizable protein requirement for growth (g) for all animals in pen

Ca_requirement_list: List[float]

List of Calcium requirement (g) for all animals in pen

P_requirement_list: List[float]

List of Phosphorus requirement (g) for all animals in pen, as calculated using NASEM or NRC equations

P_requirement_process_list: List[float]

List of Phosphorus requirement (g) for all animals in pen, as calculated in phosphorus_rqmts

DMIest_requirement_list: List[float]

List of dry matter intake estimation (kg) for all animals in pen

BW: List[float]

List of body weight (kg) for all animals in the pen for all animals in pen

milk: List[float]

List of milk production of the animals in the pen (kg)

CP_milk: List[float]

List of milk crude protein content of the animals in the pen (%)

milk_production_reduction: List[float]

list of milk_production_reduction values for all animals in the pen (kg)

calc_method: str

The summary statistic to be used (e.g. mean, median, etc)

essential_amino_acid_requirement_list: List[EssentialAminoAcidRequirements]

List of essential amino acid requirements (g).

set_requirements(pen, animal_grouping_scenario, recalc: bool) → None

Calculates the average requirements utilizing cow_requirements.py and an input pen to generate the average requirements across a pen. It then populates the corresponding class variables.

Parameters

penPen

Instance of an object of class Pen

animal_grouping_scenarioAnimalGroupingScenario

a grouping scenario fixed for current simulation, specified in AnimalManager

recalcboolean

True if requirements need to be recalculated since grouping

recalculate_requirements(pen, animal_grouping_scenario, requirements_lists: Dict[str, List[float | EssentialAminoAcidRequirements]]) → Dict[str, List[float | EssentialAminoAcidRequirements]]

Calculates requirements for every animal in a pen and appends each value to a list in a dictionary

of requirements.

Parameters

penPen

Instance of an object of class Pen

animal_grouping_scenarioAnimalGroupingScenario

the valid animal combinations inside the pen, an instance of the AnimalCombination Enum

requirements_listsDict[str, List[float]]

Dictionary of requirements for each animal

Returns

requirements_listDict[str, List[float]]

Dictionary of lists of animal requirements for all animals

use_existing_requirements(pen, animal_grouping_scenario, requirements_lists: Dict[str, List[float | EssentialAminoAcidRequirements]]) → Dict[str, List[float | EssentialAminoAcidRequirements]]

Finds previous set of requirements for every animal in a pen and appends each value to a list in a dictionary

of requirements.

In the case of net energy for activity, this must be recalculated for lactating animals.

Parameters

penPen

Instance of an object of class Pen

animal_grouping_scenarioAnimalGroupingScenario

the valid animal combinations inside the pen, an instance of the AnimalCombination Enum

requirements_listsDict[str, List[float]]

Dictionary of requirements for each animal

Returns

requirements_listDict[str, List[float]]

Dictionary of lists of animal requirements for all animals in pen

calc_rqmts(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, day_of_pregnancy: int, animal_type: AnimalType, parity: int | None = 0, calving_interval: int | None = None, milk_true_protein: float | None = 0.0, milk_fat: float | None = 0.0, milk_lactose: float | None = 0.0, milk_production: float | None = 0.0, days_in_milk: int | None = None, lactating: bool | None = False, body_condition_score_5: int | None = 3, previous_temperature: float | None = None, average_daily_gain_heifer: float | None = None, NDF_conc: float | None = 0.3, TDN_conc: float | None = 0.7, net_energy_diet_concentration: float | None = 1.0, days_born: float | None = None) → Dict[str, float | EssentialAminoAcidRequirements]

Calculates the dietary requirements of a single animal.

The energy requirements calculated according to NRC (2001) or NASEM (2021) are values that are used to generate the constraints or RHS of the nonlinear program for diet optimization. Each calculation has a reference to the respective calculation in the pseudocode (both Cow and Heifer). (Note that arguments that are only for a single animal class are instantiated at None however the respective parameters must be set when calling said animal class) Parameters ———- body_weight: float

Body weight (kg)

mature_body_weight: float

Mature body weight(kg)

animal_type: AnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in AnimalType enum

day_of_pregnancy: str, optional

Day of pregnancy (d) (except Heifer Is)

# parameters for just cow requirements) parity: int, optional

Number of parity

calving_interval: int, optional

Calving interval (d)

milk_true_protein: float, optional

Milk true protein content (% of milk)

milk_fat: float, optional

Milk fat content (% of milk)

milk_lactose: float, optional

Milk lactose content (% of milk)

milk_production: float, optional

Milk production (kg)

days_in_milk: int, optional

Days in milk

lactating: bool, optional

Boolean value which is true for lactating cows and false for dry cows

# parameters for just heifer requirements body_condition_score_5: int, optional

Body Condition Score (1-5 basis)

previous_temperature: float, optional

Average daily temperature of last month, °C

average_daily_gain_heifer: float, optional

Average daily gain of a heifer

NDF_conc:

Concentration (percent value) of Neutral Detergent Fiber in previously fed ration.

TDN_conc:

Concentration (percent value) of Total Digestible Nutrients in previously fed ration.

net_energy_diet_concentrationfloat

Metabolizable energy density of formulated ration

days_bornfloat

number of days since birth

Returns

Dict[str, float]

dictionary of requirement values, see individual functions for each key value pair

calculate_NRC_energy_maintenance_requirements(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, day_of_pregnancy: int | None, body_condition_score_5: int, previous_temperature: float | None, animal_type: AnimalType) → tuple[float, float, float]

Calculates energy requirement for maintenance, conceptus weight, and calf birth weight

Calculates the estimated energy requirements for maintenance in megacalories per day, as well as conceptus weight (kg) and calf birth weight (kg), according to NRC (2001).

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kg)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kg)

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

body_condition_score_5int

Body condition score (score from 1 to 5)

previous_temperaturefloat

Adjustment for previous temperature

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in the AnimalType enum

Returns

net_energy_maintenancefloat

Net energy requirement for maintenance (mcal/day)

conceptus_weightfloat

Conceptus weight (kg)

calf_birth_weightfloat

Calf birth weight (kg)

Notes

Energy requirements for activity are not included within calculations for maintenance.

References

[1]

National Research Council, “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition.” National Academic Press,

Chapter 2 “Energy”,pp. 18-25, 2001.

calculate_NASEM_energy_maintenance_requirements(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, day_of_pregnancy: int | None, days_in_milk: int | None) → tuple[float, float, float]

Calculates energy requirement for maintenance and two measures of uterine weight

The estimated energy requirements for maintenance are calculated in megacalories per day, as well as gravid uterine weight and uterine weight in kg, according to NASEM (2021).

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kg)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kg)

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

days_in_milkint

Days in milk (lactation)

Returns

net_energy_maintenancefloat

Net energy requirement for maintenance (mcal/day)

gravid_uterine_weightfloat

Gravid uterine weight (kg))

uterine_weightfloat

Uterine weight (kg))

Notes

# NASEM (2021) does not adjust energy requirements for environmental temperature as it assumes # that confinement conditions already provide comfort temperature to the animals. # This is something to consider and update for the grazing module # Instead of calculating calf_birth_weight, NASEM (2021) also contains standards calf_birth_weight and # mature_body_weight (tabulated values) for selected breeds (eg., Holstein) # Instead of estimating conceptus_weight, gain in pregnancy tissues is estimated: # (gravid_uterine_weight and uterine_weight). # day_of_pregnancy (Day of pregnancy) was kept instead of DGest (Day ofgestation) as it is in NASEM (2021) book.

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 3 “Energy”, pp. 29, 2021.

calculate_NRC_energy_growth_requirements(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, conceptus_weight: float, animal_type: AnimalType, parity: int, calving_interval: int | None, average_daily_gain_heifer: float | None) → tuple[float, float, float]

Calculates energy requirement for growth and associated weight gain parameters.

The estimated energy requirements for growth in megacalories per day, and average daily gain and estimate of shrunk body weight, in kilograms are calculated according to NRC (2001).

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kg)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kg)

conceptus_weightfloat

Conceptus weight (kg)

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in AnimalType enum

parityint

Parity number (lactation 1, 2.. n)

calving_intervalint

Calving interval (days)

average_daily_gain_heiferfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

Returns

net_energy_growthfloat

Net energy requirement for growth (Mcal/d)

average_daily_gainfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

equivalent_shrunk_body_weightfloat

Equivalent shrunk body weight (kilograms)

References

[1]

National Research Council, “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition.” National Academic Press,

Chapter 11 “Growth”, pp. 234-243, 2001.

calculate_NASEM_energy_growth_requirements(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, average_daily_gain_heifer: float | None, animal_type: AnimalType, parity: int, calving_interval: int | None) → tuple[float, float, float]

Calculates energy requirement for growth, and also growth metrics

Calculates the estimated energy requirements requirements for growth in megacalories per day, and associated growth metrics, according to NASEM (2021).

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kilograms)

average_daily_gain_heiferfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in AnimalType enum

parityint

Parity number (lactation 1, 2.. n)

calving_intervalint

Calving interval (days)

Returns

net_energy_growthfloat

Net energy requirement for frame growth (Mcal/d)

average_daily_gainfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

frame_weight_gainfloat

Frame weight gain refers to the accretion of both fat and protein in carcass (grams per day)

Notes

# In NASEM (2021), body frame gain (fat + protein) corresponds to the true growth and it is part # of the calculation which is further partitioned to body reserves or condition gain (or loss), # and pregnancy-associated gain (considered a pregnancy requirement).

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 3 “Energy”, pp. 32-35, 2021.

calculate_NRC_energy_pregnancy_requirements(day_of_pregnancy: int | None, calf_birth_weight: float) → float

Calculates energy requirement for pregnancy according to NRC (2001).

Calculates the estimated energy requirements for pregnancy in megacalories per day

Parameters

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

calf_birth_weightfloat

Calf birth weight (kilograms)

Returns

net_energy_pregnancyfloat

Net energy requirement for pregnancy (Mcal/d)

Notes

# day_of_pregnancy are counted from 190 day_of_pregnancy once pregnancy is confirmed. Otherwise, this nutritional requirement is assumed to be zero.

References

[1]

National Research Council, “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 2 “Energy”, pp. 21-22, 2001.

calculate_NASEM_energy_pregnancy_requirements(lactating: bool, day_of_pregnancy: int | None, days_in_milk: int | None, gravid_uterine_weight: float, uterine_weight: float) → tuple[float, float]

Calculates energy requirement for pregnancy and gravid uterine weight gain

Calculates the estimated energy requirements requirements for pregnancy in megacalories per day, according to NASEM (2021).

Parameters

lactatingbool

Physiological condition

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy

days_in_milkint

Days in milk (lactation, days)

gravid_uterine_weightfloat

Gravid uterine weight (kilograms)

uterine_weightfloat

Uterine weight (kilograms)

Returns

net_energy_pregnancyfloat

Net energy requirement for pregnancy (Mcal/d)

gravid_uterine_weight_gainfloat

Daily energy Requirement associated to increased gain of reproductive tissues as pregnancy advances (Mcal/d)

Notes

# Assumptions: tissue contains 0.882 Mcal of energy / kg; an ME to gestation energy efficiency of 0.14; # and ME to net_energy_lactation efficiency of 0.66.MEpreg = Metabolizable energy requirement for pregnancy,

Mcal net_energy_lactation/day

# day_of_pregnancy are counted from day 12 of pregnancy once it was confirmed and goes until day 280

day_of_pregnancy.

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 3 “Energy”, pp. 31-32, 2021.

calculate_NRC_energy_lactation_requirements(animal_type: AnimalType, milk_fat: float, milk_true_protein: float, milk_lactose: float, milk_production: float) → float

Calculates energy requirement for lactation according to NRC (2001).

Calculates the estimated energy requirements for lactation in megacalories per day

Parameters

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in the AnimalType enum

milk_fatfloat

Fat contents in milk (%)

milk_true_proteinfloat

True protein contents in milk (%)

milk_lactosefloat

Lactose contents in milk (%)

milk_production: float

Milk production (kg/d)

Returns

net_energy_lactationfloat

Net energy requirement for lactation (Mcal/d)

References

[1]

National Research Council, “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 2 “Energy”, pp. 19, 2001.

calculate_NASEM_energy_lactation_requirements(animal_type: AnimalType, milk_fat: float, milk_true_protein: float, milk_lactose: float, milk_production: float) → float

Calculates energy requirement for lactation according to NASEM (2021).

Calculates the estimated energy requirements for lactation in megacalories per day

Parameters

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in the AnimalType enum

milk_fatfloat

Fat contents in milk (%)

milk_true_proteinfloat

True protein contents in milk (%)

milk_lactosefloat

Lactose contents in milk (%)

milk_production: float

Milk yield (kg/d)

Returns

net_energy_lactationfloat

Net energy requirement for lactation (Mcal/d)

Notes

Same calculations as done in the NRC (2001). Requirements are based on milk yield and composition.

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 3 “Energy”, pp. 30, 2021.

calculate_NRC_protein_requirements(body_weight: float, conceptus_weight: float, day_of_pregnancy: int | None, animal_type: AnimalType, milk_production: float, milk_true_protein: float, calf_birth_weight: float, net_energy_growth: float, average_daily_gain: float, equivalent_shrunk_body_weight: float, dry_matter_intake_estimate: float, TDN_conc: float | None = 0.7) → float

Protein requirement for maintenance according to NRC (2001).

Calculates the estimated total metabolizable protein requirement (MP) in kilograms per day

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

conceptus_weightfloat

Conceptus weight (kilograms)

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in the AnimalType enum

milk_production: float

Milk yield (kg/d)

milk_true_proteinfloat

True protein contents in milk (%)

calf_birth_weightfloat

Calf birth weight

net_energy_growthfloat

Net energy requirement for growth (Mcal/d)

average_daily_gainfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

equivalent_shrunk_body_weightfloat

Equivalent shrunk body weight (kilograms)

dry_matter_intake_estimatefloat

Estimated dry matter intake according to empirical prediction equation within NASEM (2021) (kg/d)

TDN_conc:

Concentration (percent value) of Total Digestible Nutrients in previously fed ration.

Returns

metabolizable_protein_requirementfloat

Metabolizable protein requirement (grams per day)

Notes

MP_bactria: Bacteria metabolizable protein production, g TDN: Total digestible nutrients MPm: Metabolizable protein requirement for maintenance, g NPg: Net protein requirement for growth, g EffMP_NPg: Efficiency of converting metabolizable protein to net protein MPg: Metabolizable protein requirement for growth, g MPpreg: Metabolizable protein requirement for pregnancy, g MPlact: Metabolizable protein requirement for lactation, g

References

[1]

National Research Council, “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 5 “Protein and Amino acids”,pp. 67-69. 2001;

calculate_NASEM_protein_requirements(lactating: bool, body_weight: float, frame_weight_gain: float, gravid_uterine_weight_gain: float, dry_matter_intake_estimate: float, milk_true_protein: float, milk_production: float, NDF_conc: float) → float

Calculates Protein requirement for maintenance according to NASEM (2021).

Calculates the estimated total metabolizable protein requirement (MP) in kilograms per day

Parameters

lactatingbool

Physiological condition

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

frame_weight_gainfloat

Frame weight gain refers to the accretion of both fat and protein in carcass (grams per day)

gravid_uterine_weight_gainfloat

Daiy energy Requirement associated to increased gain of reproductive tissues as pregnancy advances (Mcal/d)

dry_matter_intake_estimatefloat

Estimated dry matter intake according to empirical prediction equation within NASEM (2021) (kg/d)

milk_true_proteinfloat

True protein contents in milk (%)

milk_production: float

Milk yield (kg/d)

NDF_conc:

Concentration (percent value) of Neutral Detergent Fiber in previously fed ration.

Returns

metabolizable_protein_requirementfloat

Total metabolizable protein requirement (grams per day)

Notes

As in the NRC (2021), the protein requirement is also divided into four components: maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation (all of them on a metabolizable protein basis (MP, g/d). The MP is defined as the sum of rumen undegraded protein (RUP + microbial protein (MCP). MP requirements for maintenance includes: scurf + endogenous urinary loss + metabolic fecal protein. Current versions of RuFaS code for both NRC and NASEM do not split MP into physiological functions.

NPscurf: Net protein requirement for scurf, g NPEndUrin: Net protein requirement for endogenous urinary excretion, g CPMFP: Crude protein in metabolic fecal protein, g NPMFP: Net protein requirement for metabolic fecal protein, g NPGrowth: Net protein requirement for body frame weight gain, g NPGest: Net protein requirement for pregnancy, g NPMilk: Net protein in milk, or milk true protein yield, g TargetEffMP: Proposed target efficiencies of converting metabolizable protein to export proteins and body gain.

# TODO Include equations for estimating requirement for Non-Essential Aminoacids (NEAA) GitHub Issue #1210

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 6 “Protein”, pp. 69-104, 2021.

calculate_NRC_calcium_requirements(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, day_of_pregnancy: int | None, animal_type: AnimalType, average_daily_gain: float, milk_production: float) → float

Calculates total Calcium requirement according to NRC (2001).

Calculates the estimated the total calcium requirement (Ca) in grams per day

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kilograms)

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in the AnimalType enum

average_daily_gainfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

milk_production: float

Milk yield (kg/d)

Returns

calcium_requirementfloat

Calcium requirement (grams per day)

References

[1]

National Research Council, “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 6 “Minerals”,pp. 106-109. 2001.

calculate_NASEM_calcium_requirements(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, day_of_pregnancy: int | None, average_daily_gain: float, dry_matter_intake_estimate: float, milk_true_protein: float, milk_production: float, parity: int) → float

Calculates total Calcium requirement according to NASEM (2021).

Calculates the estimated the total calcium requirement (Ca) in grams per day.

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kilograms)

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

average_daily_gainfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

dry_matter_intake_estimatefloat

Estimated dry matter intake (kg/d)

milk_true_proteinfloat

True protein contents in milk (%)

milk_productionfloat

Milk yield (kg/d)

parityint

Parity number (lactation 1, 2.. n)

Returns

calcium_requirementfloat

Calcium requirement (grams per day)

Notes

NASEM (2021) calculation for both Ca and P requirements consider milk production variables.

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 7 “Minerals” pp. 106-110, 2021.

calculate_NRC_phosphorus_requirements(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, day_of_pregnancy: int | None, milk_production: float, animal_type: AnimalType, average_daily_gain: float, dry_matter_intake_estimate: float) → float

Calculates total Phosphorus requirement according to NRC (2001).

Calculates the estimated the total phosphorus requirement (P) in grams per day

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kilograms)

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

milk_production: float

Milk yield (kg/d)

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in the AnimalType enum

average_daily_gainfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

dry_matter_intake_estimatefloat

Estimated dry matter intake (kg/d)

Returns

phosphorus_requirementfloat

Phosphorus requirement (grams per day)

References

[1]

National Research Council, “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 6 “Minerals”,pp. 109-118. 2001.

calculate_NASEM_phosphorus_requirements(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, animal_type: AnimalType, day_of_pregnancy: int | None, average_daily_gain: float, dry_matter_intake_estimate: float, milk_true_protein: float | None, milk_production: float | None, parity: int) → float

Calculates total Phosphorus requirement according to NASEM (2021).

Calculates the estimated the total phosphorus requirement (P) in grams per day

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kilograms)

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in the AnimalType enum

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

average_daily_gainfloat

Average daily gain (grams per day)

dry_matter_intake_estimatefloat

Estimated dry matter intake (kg/d)

milk_true_proteinfloat

True protein contents in milk (%)

milk_production: float

Milk yield (kg/d)

parityint

Parity number (lactation 1, 2.. n)

Returns

phosphorus_requirementfloat

Phosphorus requirement (grams per day)

Notes

NASEM (2021) calculation for both Ca and P requirements consider milk production variables.

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 7 “Minerals” pp. 112, 2021.

calculate_NRC_DMI(animal_type: AnimalType, body_weight: float, day_of_pregnancy: int, days_in_milk: int | None, milk_production: float, milk_fat: float, net_energy_diet_concentration: float, days_born: float) → float

Calculates dry matter intake according to NRC (2001).

Calculates the estimated total dry matter intake in kilograms per day

Parameters

animal_typeAnimalType

A type or subtype of animal specified in the AnimalType enum

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

day_of_pregnancyint

Day of pregnancy (days)

days_in_milkint

Days in milk (days)

milk_productionfloat

Milk yield (kg/d)

milk_fatfloat

Fat contents in milk (%)

net_energy_diet_concentrationfloat

Metabolizable energy density of formulated ration

days_bornfloat

number of days since birth

Returns

dry_matter_intake_estimatefloat

Dry matter intake (kilograms per day)

Notes

The sum of dry matter intake of each feed is assumed to be less than dry matter intake estimation (Sum of Feed < dry_matter_intake_estimate).

References

[1]

National Research Council, “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 1 “Dry Matter Intake”, pp. 4; and pp. 325, 2001 (Equations 1 and 2), and pp. 326 for heifers

calculate_NASEM_DMI(body_weight: float, mature_body_weight: float, days_in_milk: int | None, lactating: bool, net_energy_lactation: float, parity: int, body_condition_score_5: int, NDF_conc: float) → float

Calculates dry matter intake according to NASEM (2021).

Calculates the estimated total dry matter intake in kilograms per day

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kilograms)

mature_body_weightfloat

Mature body weight (kilograms)

days_in_milkint

Days in milk (days)

lactatingbool

Physiological condition (conditional)

net_energy_lactationfloat

Net energy for lactation

parityint

Parity number

body_condition_score_5int

Body condition score (score; scale from 1 to 5)

NDF_conc:

Concentration (percent value) of Neutral Detergent Fiber in previously fed ration.

Returns

dry_matter_intake_estimate: float

Dry matter intake (kilograms per day)

Notes

The sum of dry matter intake of each feed is assumed to be less than dry matter intake estimation (Sum of Feed < DMIest). There are additional equation in NASEM (2021) book including neutral detergent concentrations in the diet for both lactating (page 12) and growing animals (page 14). [1]

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 2 “Dry matter intake” pp. 7-20, 2021.

energy_activity_rqmts(body_weight: float, housing: str, distance: float) → float

Calculates the net energy for activity requirement portion of the energy requirements for animals. This is separate because it must be calculated after grouping due to pen input args and cannot be used individually on an animal. The estimated energy requirements

for activity in megacalories per day are calculated following either NRC or NASEM guidelines

Parameters

body_weightfloat

Body weight (kg)

housingstr

Housing type (Barn or Grazing)

distancefloat

Distance walked in meters.

Returns

net_energy_activityfloat

Net energy requirement for activity (mcal/day)

Notes

Note that both NRC and NASEM calculations use distance walked in kilometers,

hence the unit conversion in the code itself.

Activity requirement (net_energy_activity) is proportional to body weight and daily walking distance. Grazing system and hilly topography will cost additional energy.

Grazing is not implemented yet in the current version of code.

References

[1]

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine “Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 8th edition.” National Academic Press, Chapter 3 “Energy”, pp. 30-31, 2021.